Clinical Features, Evaluation, and Management of Lipodermatosclerosis and Chronic Venous Disease—Literature Review

Abstract One of the dermatologic manifestations of chronic venous disease (CVD) is lipodermatosclerosis (LDS). Acute, subacute, and chronic forms are described in the literature. The most recognized form is chronic LDS, which has a characteristic “inverted champagne bottle” appearance. Many hypotheses have been proposed regarding the pathologies of both LDS and CVD. Some conditions, such as erythema nodosum, morphea, cellulitis, fasciitis, or infectious panniculitis could mimic acute or chronic LDS in some instances. Further investigations, including skin biopsy, duplex ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging can be used for differential diagnosis. The treatments for LDS vary according to the stage and severity of LDS disease. The mainstay treatments for CVD are also the mainstay treatments for LDS, including compression therapy, endovenous ablation, or ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Pharmacologic treatments, such as anabolic steroids, venoactive agents, and fibrinolytic therapy have also been reported as successful treatments for LDS. In this review, we set forth to review, condense, and present what is currently known about the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of LDS.

วารสาร : SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine Published: 29 March 2022https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-022-01162-9

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